Mosses (General)
Contents:
- Mosses for James
by Nick Wise <nwwise01/netzero.net> (Sun, 02 Sep 2001)
- Crazy Mosses and the men who love them
by Nick Wise <nwwise01/netzero.net> (Sun, 02 Sep 2001)
- moss update
by "Cameron Case" <cameroncase/hotmail.com> (Tue, 25 Sep 2001)
- re: moss update
by "James Purchase" <jppurchase/Home.com> (Wed, 26 Sep 2001)
- RE: sphagnum moss
by Christopher Newell <newellcr/yahoo.com> (Fri, 16 Mar 2001)
by Nick Wise <nwwise01/netzero.net>
Date: Sun, 02 Sep 2001
James Purchase" <jppurchase@Home.com> wrote:
<snip>
> And a note to everyone else - I'm still looking for small live samples of
> _any_ different mosses that are grown within your tanks. If you have a moss
> that has a different growth pattern or might be an unknown species, semd me
> a small sample and let me try to get it identified. This might be an
> opportunity to get a better idea of just how many different types of moss we
> actually have access to. (as long as the Bryologist is willing to ID all of
> them....).
<snip>
For any interested, here is a list of all species of fontinalis and
vesicularia found in the United States as recognized by the USDA.
Scientific name (and source) and common names (where available) are
given. Note: some names may actually be synonymous with others.
Scientific Name Common Name
Fontinalis Hedw. fontinalis moss
Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw. antifever fontinalis moss
Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw.
var. antipyretica antifever fontinalis moss
Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw.
var. mollis (C. Müll.) Welch
in Grout
Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw.
var. patula (Card.) Welch
Fontinalis patula Card.
Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw.
var. gigantea (Sull.) Sull. giant antifever fontinalis moss
Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw.
var. oregonensis Ren. & Card. Oregon fontinalis moss
Fontinalis allenii Card. in Nichols
Fontinalis chrysophylla Card.
Fontinalis howellii Ren. & Card.
Fontinalis kindbergii Ren. & Card.
Fontinalis dalecarlica Schimp.
in B.S.G. fontinalis moss
Fontinalis dalecarlica Schimp. in
B.S.G. var. macounii Card. in
Ren. & Card.
Fontinalis dichelymoides Lindb.
Fontinalis filiformis
Sull. & Lesq. in Aust. fontinalis moss
Fontinalis flaccida Ren. & Card. flaccid fontinalis moss
Fontinalis denticulata Kindb. in Röll
Fontinalis hypnoides Hartm. fontinalis moss
Fontinalis hypnoides Hartm.
var. duriaei (Schimp.) Husn. fontinalis moss
Fontinalis duriaei Schimp.
Fontinalis nitida Lindb. & Arnell
Fontinalis subcarinata Card.
Fontinalis hypnoides Hartm.
var. hypnoides fontinalis moss
Fontinalis tenella (Card.) Card.
Fontinalis langloisii Card. Langlois' fontinalis moss
Fontinalis macmillanii Card. Macmillan's fontinalis moss
Fontinalis missourica Card. Missouri fontinalis moss
Fontinalis neomexicana Sull. & Lesq. New Mexican fontinalis moss
Fontinalis novae-angliae Sull. New England fontinalis moss
Fontinalis novae-angliae Sull.
var. cymbifolia (Aust.)
Welch in Grout New England fontinalis moss
Fontinalis novae-angliae Sull.
var. waghornei (Card.)
Welch in Grout
Fontinalis novae-angliae Sull.
var. lorenziae Card. in Nichols Lorenz's fontinalis moss
Fontinalis lorenziae
(Card. in Nichols) Allen
Fontinalis novae-angliae
Sull. var. novae-angliae New England fontinalis moss
Fontinalis lescurii
Sull. in Sull. & Lesq.
Fontinalis lescurii
Sull. in Sull. & Lesq.
var. ramosior Sull.
Fontinalis novae-angliae Sull.
var. delamarei (Ren. & Card.)
Welch in Grout
Fontinalis novae-angliae Sull.
var. heterophylla Card. in Nichols
Fontinalis novae-angliae
Sull. var. latifolia Card. in
Nichols
Fontinalis sphagnifolia
(C. Müll.) Wijk & Marg. fontinalis moss
Fontinalis biformis Sull. in Gray
Fontinalis sullivantii Lindb. Sullivant's fontinalis moss
Fontinalis disticha Hook. &
Wils. in Drumm.
Fontinalis sullivantii Lindb.
var. microdonta (Ren.) Welch
in Grout
Fontinalis welchiana Allen Welch's fontinalis moss
Scientific Name Common Name
Vesicularia (C. Müll.) C. Müll. vesicularia moss
Vesicularia vesicularis
(Schwaegr.) Broth. vesicularia moss
Vesicularia amphibola
(Mitt.) Broth.
Vesicularia caloosiensis
(Aust.) Crum
Vesicularia crassicaulis
(Mitt.) Broth.
- --
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Nick Wise
nwwise01@netzero.net
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by Nick Wise <nwwise01/netzero.net>
Date: Sun, 02 Sep 2001
"James Purchase" <jppurchase@Home.com> wrote:
> Nick Wise posted a lisiting of Fontinalis and Vesicularia species which are
> reported to be found in the United States (thanks Nick). It is reported to
> be a listing recognized by the USDA (U.S. Dept. of Agriculture).
>
> Maybe they have several lists.....
>
> I have checked with the main USDA Plants Database
> [http://www.itis.usda.gov/] and the listings they have there don't quite
> agree with what Nick posted. In particular, they only list one species of
> Vesicularia in the U.S.
<snip>
Try going to http://plants.usda.gov/plants/ and do a search by
scientific name. You'll find that of the vesicularia species I listed,
the USDA considers Vesicularia vesicularis, Vesicularia amphibola,
Vesicularia caloosiensis, and Vesicularia crassicaulis all to be the
same plant, just different names from different sources. This then
leaves only one species of vesicularia found in the U.S. (vesicularia
vesicularis). They claim it is native, though do not list where it can
be found.
As I stated in the post, many of the names are synonymous with others.
Do a search on fontinalis and you will see what I mean.
A search on Mnium turns up the following: (indented names are synonyms
of the preceding)
Contains 9 species and 9 accepted taxa overall
Mnium ambiguum H. Müll. ambiguous calcareous moss
Mnium inclinatum Lindb.
Mnium lycopodioides Schwaegr. var. inclinatum (Lindb.) Wijk &
Marg.
Mnium riparium Mitt.
Mnium arizonicum Amann Arizona calcareous moss
Mnium saximontanum M. Bowers
Mnium blyttii Bruch & Schimp in B.S.G. Blytt's calcareous moss
Stellariomnium blyttii (Bruch & Schimp. in B.S.G.) M. Bowers
Mnium hornum Hedw. horn calcareous moss
Mnium marginatum (With.) Brid. ex P. Beauv. olivegreen calcareous moss
Mnium serratum Schrad. ex Brid.
Mnium spinosum (Voit) Schwaegr. spinosum calcareous moss
Mnium spinulosum Bruch & Schimp. in B.S.G. largetooth calcareous moss
Mnium stellare Hedw. stellar calcareous moss
Stellariomnium stellare (Hedw.) M. Bowers
Mnium thomsonii Schimp. Thomson's calcareous moss
Mnium decurrens C. Müll. & Kindb. in Mac. & Kindb.
Mnium orthorrhynchum auct plur.
Classification:
Kingdom Plantae -- Plants
Division Bryophyta -- Mosses
Subdivision Musci
Class Bryopsida -- True mosses
Subclass Bryidae
Order Bryales
Family Mniaceae
Genus Mnium Hedw. -- mnium calcareous moss
A search on dichelyma:
Contains 4 species and 4 accepted taxa overall
Dichelyma capillaceum (With.) Myr. -- dichelyma moss
Dichelyma falcatum (Hedw.) Myr. -- sickle dichelyma moss
Dichelyma pallescens Schimp. in B.S.G. -- dichelyma moss
Dichelyma uncinatum Mitt. -- dichelyma moss
Classification:
Kingdom Plantae -- Plants
Division Bryophyta -- Mosses
Subdivision Musci
Class Bryopsida -- True mosses
Subclass Bryidae
Order Isobryales
Family Fontinalaceae
Genus Dichelyma Myr. -- dichelyma moss
A search on Fissidens turns up the following:
Contains 36 species and 40 accepted taxa overall
Fissidens adianthoides Hedw. fissidens moss
Fissidens adianthoides Hedw. var. immarginatus Lindb. ex Lesq.
& James
Fissidens allenianus Brugg.-Nann. & Purs. Allen fissidens moss
Fissidens aphelotaxifolius Purs. fissidens moss
Fissidens appalachensis Zand. Appalachian fissidens moss
Fissidens arcticus Bryhn arctic fissidens moss
Fissidens asplenioides Hedw. asplenium fissidens moss
Fissidens bryoides Hedw. bryoid fissidens moss
Fissidens andersonii Grout
Fissidens bryoides Hedw. var. brevifolius (Ren. & Card.) Wijk &
Marg.
Fissidens bryoides Hedw. var. incurvus (Rhl.) Hüb.
Fissidens exiguus Sull.
Fissidens exiguus Sull. var. falcatulus (Ren. & Card.) Grout
Fissidens falcatulus Ren. & Card.
Fissidens incurvus Starke ex Rhl.
Fissidens incurvus Starke ex Rhl. var. brevifolius Ren. &
Card.
Fissidens longifolius Brid.
Fissidens minutulus Sull.
Fissidens pusillus (Wils.) Milde
Fissidens repandus Wils.
Fissidens texanus Lesq. & James
Fissidens tortilis Hampe & C. Müll.
Fissidens viridulus (Sw.) Wahlenb.
Fissidens viridulus (Sw.) Wahlenb. var. brevifolius (Ren. &
Card.) Grout
Fissidens viridulus (Sw.) Wahlenb. var. tamarindifolius (Turn.)
Grout
Fissidens viridulus (Sw.) Wahlenb. var. texanus (Lesq. & James)
Grout
Fissidens bushii (Card. & Thér.) Card. & Thér. Bush's fissidens moss
Fissidens clebschii Steere Clebsch's fissidens moss
Fissidens closteri Aust. fissidens moss
Fissidens dubius P. Beauv. fissidens moss
Fissidens adianthoides Hedw. var. semicristatus Grout
Fissidens cristatus Wils. ex Mitt.
Fissidens cristatus Wils. ex Mitt. var. winonensis (Ren. &
Card.) Grout
Fissidens exilis Hedw. fissidens moss
Fissidens fontanus (B. Pyl.) Steud. fissidens moss
Fissidens debilis Schwaegr.
Fissidens julianus (Savi ex DC.) Schimp.
Fissidens grandifrons Brid. largeleaf fissidens moss
Fissidens hallianus (Sull. & Lesq. in Aust.) Mitt. fissidens moss
Fissidens manateensis Grout in Holz.
Fissidens hallii Aust. Hall's fissidens moss
Fissidens hyalinus Wils. & Hook. fissidens moss
Fissidens kochii Crum & Anderson Koch's fissidens moss
Fissidens limbatus Sull. fissidens moss
Fissidens littlei (Williams) Grout Little's fissidens moss
Fissidens orcuttii Grout
Fissidens microcladus Thwaites & Mitt. in Mitt. fissidens moss
Fissidens garberi Lesq. & James
Fissidens milobakeri L. Koch Milo's fissidens moss
Fissidens neonii (Bartr.) Grout neon fissidens moss
Fissidens obtusifolius Wils. obtuseleaf fissidens moss
Fissidens obtusifolius Wils. var. apiculatus Grout obtuseleaf fissidens
moss
Fissidens obtusifolius Wils. var. kansanus Ren. & Card. Kansas
fissidens moss
Fissidens obtusifolius Wils. var. marginatus Flow. obtuseleaf fissidens
moss
Fissidens obtusifolius Wils. var. obtusifolius obtuseleaf fissidens
moss
Fissidens osmundioides Hedw. osmund fissidens moss
Fissidens papillosus Sande Lac. fissidens moss
Fissidens donnellii Aust.
Fissidens pauperculus Howe fissidens moss
Fissidens pellucidus Hornsch. fissidens moss
Fissidens subcrenatus Schimp. in C. Müll.
Fissidens polypodioides Hedw. polypody fissidens moss
Fissidens ravenelii Sull. Ravenel's fissidens moss
Fissidens reesei Crum & Anderson Reese's fissidens moss
Fissidens subbasilaris Hedw. fissidens moss
Fissidens sublimbatus Grout fissidens moss
Fissidens limbatus Sull. var. brevifolius Sull.
Fissidens limbatus Sull. var. ensiformis (Grout) Grout
Fissidens taxifolius Hedw. fissidens moss
Fissidens ventricosus Lesq. fissidens moss
Fissidens rufulus auct. Amer.
Fissidens zollingeri Mont. Zollinger's fissidens moss
Fissidens kegelianus C. Müll.
Classification:
Kingdom Plantae -- Plants
Division Bryophyta -- Mosses
Subdivision Musci
Class Bryopsida -- True mosses
Subclass Bryidae
Order Fissidentales
Family Fissidentaceae
Genus Fissidens Hedw. -- fissidens moss
As far as if any are suitable for use in aquaria, I don't know at this
point. Perhaps through some additional research, we can determine this.
:)
P.S. Sorry for the length, but hope some find it interesting.
- --
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Nick Wise
nwwise01@netzero.net
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by "Cameron Case" <cameroncase/hotmail.com>
Date: Tue, 25 Sep 2001
I posted a few weeks ago about what appeared to be three or four different
mosses. Now that they have all had time to show enough new growth for
patterns, here's what I've got (and where I got them, if you are
interested).
Java Moss .1 - I can occaisionally get this locally, and it is the same as
what is sold at www.azgardens.com. It is generally thread shaped, with
random, short "branches" that are not long enough to change the overall
shape of the moss.
Java Moss .2 - I got this one from www.aquaticplantdepot.com. It looks
somewhat like a cross between Java Moss .1 and Christmas Moss (up next). It
grows in a long "strand" with regular, opposing branches of a uniform
length. The general shape is like stitches...long center piece with lots of
smaller opposing crossing branches.
Christmas Moss - I got this from Loh Kwek Leong. It looks just like the
name implies, a long center strand with crossing strands that are even and
opposing, but that get progressively smaller towards the tip (giving it an
overall triangular shape).
Willow Moss - I got this in an auction, and I can only say what it is based
on what it was called to me, and by comparing it to pictures in books (so,
probably willow moss, but not definitely). This one is somewhat similar to
a cross between Java Moss .2 and Christmas Moss. It has a long center
strand, with long crossing, opposing strands that grow in the same general
direction of the center. Unlike Christmas Moss (with crossing strands that
are basically perpendicular to the center), the crossing pieces come to a
"V" at the center strand. This can also be bought at www.azgardens.com, but
I haven't ever gotten it there (picture matches, though).
The Java Moss .1 and Christmas Moss seem to be about the same color green,
and lighter colored than the other two. Two tanks have Christmas Moss, and
as Kwek Leong has said, it does better in lower temps (much better growth in
my 74* tank than my 78* tank, even with that small of a temp difference).
The Willow Moss is the darkest color of green, and the Java Moss .2 is
somewhere in the middle. Also, in shipping these I've discovered that the
Christmas Moss ships the best (by far) and the Willow Moss ships the worst.
The Java Moss .1 and .2 seem to ship about the same, and handle it admirably
(even in the heat of an AL summer), but still not as well as the Christmas
Moss (which looked like it had been hand delivered from 2 blocks
away...though it went from Singapore to AL).
Now, I'm not nearly so serious in my moss endeavors as James Purchase, but I
do like to share what little first-hand knowledge I have of these particular
specimens. As soon as I find the cables for my digital camera I'll get some
pictures up and you can compare them yourselves. Until then, Kwek Leong has
pictures of the Christmas Moss on his site, and you can find an OK picture
of willow moss at http://www.azgardens.com/images/page2.45.gif.
I hope this message 1) clears up some of the confusion that I caused in my
last moss-related posts, and 2) helps anyone who wants a moss variety to
choose and find what suits them.
Cameron in AL
by "James Purchase" <jppurchase/Home.com>
Date: Wed, 26 Sep 2001
Thanks for the update on your mosses Cameron. Since your earlier posting, I
have received some information from a Bryologist in the UK who identified
several samples of aquatic moss found in greenhouses and aquaria in the U.K.
This material was published in the Journal of Bryology, Vol 15, Part 3,
1989.
The first moss species was discovered growing on damp brickwork in the
Orchid House of the Univ. of Cambridge Botanic Gardens. It was at first
suspected to be Vesicularia dubyana. Upon closer examination, it was
suggested that the plant was probably V. reticulata, a species which has a
wider natural distribution than V. dubyana, and the sample matched the
published description of that species more closely than it did to V. dubyana
(it is NOT suggested that V. reticulata is native to the U.K., this was
probably just an escapee within the greenhouse). V. reticulata is naturally
found in Celebes, Sumatra, Java, the Philippines, Singapore and N.W. India.
Another moss grown in aquaria in the U.K. and initially identified as Java
Moss, obtained originally from either Java or N.E. Australia, was ultimately
identified as Glossadelphus zollingeri.
I have found references which give the name Ectropothecium as a synonym of
Glossadelphus.
In searching the web, I couldn't come up with anything of value on V.
reticulata but I did find a number of hits for G. zollingeri. Apparently,
20-30 years ago it was rather popular.
- - http://www.nbat.nl/aquarium/watermossen.html (in Dutch) If anyone can read
Dutch, I'd love a translation of this page.
- - http://www.accesscomm.ca/nonprofits/ras/ariticles/plant01.htm From the
Regina Aquarium Society
- - http://dfendel.multimania.com/aquamag/GlossadelphusZollingeri.html (In
French) has a photo
- - http://home.sunrise.ch/ivanov/plantasie.htm#java (In French) has a photo
- - http://home.sunrise.ch/ivanov/plantations/plantations6.htm (In French) has
several photos
Your moss #2 might not be V. dubyana.
Your Willow Moss is probably a species of Fontinalis.
Your observation about the temperature sensitivity of Christmas Moss matches
what I have seen in my own tanks. It doesn't like really warm water - the
bit I put in my Discus tank (83F-85F) hasn't grown nearly as well as that
growing in another tank at lower temperatures (78F). I also placed a small
bit in an outside tank and it doesn't seem to like cold temperatures
(September nights here can get pretty cool).
James Purchase
Toronto
by Christopher Newell <newellcr/yahoo.com>
Date: Fri, 16 Mar 2001
Elie had asked about sphagnum moss. "just wonderning
- - has anyone ever tried to grow sphagnum
moss underwater? seems like it would make a nice
aquarium plant"
I reply. I haven't tried to grow spahgnum moss
submersed. Emersed, it should do great. According to
the "Savage Garden" (carnivorous plant book), you can
even get it to start by using the dried sphagnum - not
the shreaded stuff, the whole dried moss fiber. The
spores are dormant then under proper conditions it
will grow again. Certainly avoid the decorative
sphagnum - it has dye in it.
A lot of people use the natural dried sphagnum fibers
in the substrate for their aquarium plants.
If you have some living sphagnum, give it a try.
Good Luck!
Chris
=====
newellcr@yahoo.com
http://home.att.net/~c.r.newell/
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